IEOR 165 – Lecture 15 Null Hypothesis Testing
نویسنده
چکیده
The natural question to ask is: Why does this odd behavior occur in the kidney stone treatment example? When comparing the treatments with the aggregated data, an assumption is implicitly being made that the decision for which treatment to use does not depend upon the size of the kidney stones. It turns out that this implicit assumption is incorrect, because open surgery was more often used for larger kidney stones; however, larger kidney stones in general have a lower treatment success rate because of its more complicated nature. This counter-intuitive result is sometimes called Simpson’s paradox, though it is actually a manifestation of the more general statement that “correlation does not equal causation”.
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